{"id":9260,"date":"2022-03-04T09:35:28","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T08:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=9260"},"modified":"2022-03-09T12:55:31","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T11:55:31","slug":"polsko-zydowski-koden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/polsko-zydowski-koden\/","title":{"rendered":"Polsko-\u017cydowski Kode\u0144\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubernator Stiepan Stiepanowicz Gromieka, prawos\u0142awny bigot, kt\u00f3rego c\u00f3rka zosta\u0142a ihumeni\u0105 monastyru, w 1875 r. odebra\u0142 katolikom barokow\u0105 kolegiat\u0119 \u015bw. Anny w Kodniu i przekaza\u0142 popom. Ta cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 Polski w XIX w. znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 we w\u0142adaniu Rosji. Gdy w 1918 r. Polska powr\u00f3ci\u0142a na map\u0119 Europy, katolicy odegrali si\u0119 \u2013 w miasteczku zamkni\u0119to wszystkie cerkwie. Napi\u0119cia mi\u0119dzy grupami wyznaniowymi w owych stronach przebiega\u0142y pod znakiem zmaga\u0144 prawos\u0142awnych z katolikami, omijaj\u0105c ludno\u015b\u0107 wyznania moj\u017ceszowego.<\/h5>\n<h6><b>Samorz\u0105d sztetla<\/b><\/h6>\n<p>Ca\u0142y ten czas starozakonni chodzili do drewnianej bo\u017cnicy, kt\u00f3r\u0105 po wybudowaniu murowanej zamienili w jesziw\u0119. Cieszyli si\u0119 w\u0142asnym samorz\u0105dem. Gmin\u0119 wyznaniow\u0105 tworzyli wszyscy m\u0119\u017cczy\u017ani po uko\u0144czeniu 25 roku \u017cycia, o ile zamieszkiwali w Kodniu minimum rok. Gmina utrzymywa\u0142a rabina i podrabina wraz z rodzinami. Szohet, rzezak prowadz\u0105cy koszern\u0105 jatk\u0119, zarabia\u0142 na siebie. Rabe Mosze Arje Fryduam prowadzi\u0142 spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107 od czas\u00f3w cara Miko\u0142aja II do swojej \u015bmierci w 1926 r. Jego godno\u015b\u0107 przej\u0105\u0142 Zajdel Rabinowicz. Po rad\u0119 zwracali si\u0119 do niego wszyscy hebrajczycy. Rozstrzyga\u0142 spory, a jego werdykty by\u0142y ostateczne.<\/p>\n<p>Izraelici uruchomili Bank Ludowy, kt\u00f3ry jednak nie przetrwa\u0142 zapa\u015bci gospodarczej wielkiego kryzysu. Co trzeci mieszkaniec Kodnia by\u0142 wyznania moj\u017ceszowego \u2013 razem 600 dusz. G\u0142osowali na syjonist\u00f3w i religijn\u0105 Agud\u0119, dzia\u0142a\u0142 te\u017c Bund. Trudnili si\u0119 handlem, a tak\u017ce rzemios\u0142em (krawcy i szewcy). Na 26 sklep\u00f3w, witali klient\u00f3w w 21. \u201eChrze\u015bcija\u0144skie (czytaj polskie sklepy) s\u0105 bardzo male\u0144kie i ubo\u017cuchne. Rzadko mo\u017cna w nich dosta\u0107 co si\u0119 chce i ile si\u0119 chce. Sprzedaj\u0105 w ma\u0142ych tylko ilo\u015bciach. Dlatego kto chce wi\u0119cej kupi\u0107 albo by\u0107 pewnym, \u017ce dostanie \u017c\u0105dane rzeczy od razu, ten idzie do sklepu \u017cydowskiego. Oni maj\u0105 wszystko i zawsze\u201d \u2013 notowa\u0142 p\u0105tnik.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<b>Piekarze w jarmu\u0142kach<\/b><\/h6>\n<p>W 1927 r. powr\u00f3ci\u0142 do miasteczka katolicki cudowny obraz Matki Bo\u017cej Kode\u0144skiej. XVII-wieczne p\u0142\u00f3tno nieznanego hiszpa\u0144skiego malarza przywi\u00f3z\u0142 zza Pirenej\u00f3w knia\u017a Miko\u0142aj Sapieha. Posta\u0107 w\u0142a\u015bciciela tutejszych d\u00f3br barwnie opisa\u0142a znana pisarka Zofia Kossak-Szczucka w wydanej w 1924 r. powie\u015bci \u201eB\u0142ogos\u0142awiona wina\u201d. Triumfalny powr\u00f3t obrazu, witanego przez abp. Adama Sapieh\u0119, wskrzesi\u0142 \u015bwietno\u015b\u0107 Sanktuarium Matki Bo\u017cej Kode\u0144skiej. Miasteczko nawiedza\u0142y t\u0142umy pielgrzym\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>Ojcowie oblaci, opiekunowie bazyliki, umy\u015blili, \u017ce konsekrowanie hostie winny wychodzi\u0107 z r\u0105k wsp\u00f3\u0142wyznawc\u00f3w. Dot\u0105d op\u0142atki kupowali w jednej z trzech piekarni miejskich, prowadzonych przez izraelit\u00f3w. Ze wsparciem pani P\u0142andowskiej, kt\u00f3ra od\u0142o\u017cy\u0142a nieco dolar\u00f3w pracuj\u0105c w Ameryce, wiosn\u0105 1938 r. ruszy\u0142a piekarnia Stanis\u0142awa Radeckiego. Mimo sta\u0142ych zlece\u0144 z klasztoru i Szko\u0142y Rolniczej w Ko\u0142pinie oraz wsparcia starosty, nie by\u0142 pewny czy utrzyma si\u0119 na rynku. Zdecydowa\u0142 si\u0119 na pr\u00f3bn\u0105, pi\u0119cioletni\u0105 dzier\u017caw\u0119. Mieszka\u0144cy po staremu chadzali dok\u0105d przyci\u0105ga\u0142 ich zapach wypiekanej cha\u0142ki, bajge\u0142e, macy, a do niedawna op\u0142atka. W \u015bwi\u0105teczne dni obiady jada\u0142o si\u0119 w restauracji Bronis\u0142awa Sadzaka lub gospodzie Zelmana Blumenkranca, zgodnie wsp\u00f3\u0142dziel\u0105cych rynek gastronomiczny. Natomiast polscy rzemie\u015blnicy znajdowali zbyt w sklepach izraelickich s\u0105siad\u00f3w. Zawsze wyp\u0142acalnych kredytem kaha\u0142u. Kodeniacy skupili si\u0119 na zaj\u0119ciach, do kt\u00f3rych mieli predylekcj\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>Zgodne s\u0105siedztwo Polak\u00f3w i \u017byd\u00f3w przerwa\u0142a II wojna \u015bwiatowa. We wrze\u015bniu 1939 r. do miasteczka wkroczy\u0142 Wehrmacht. Pe\u0142nia w\u0142adzy nale\u017ca\u0142a do Niemc\u00f3w. Izraelitom nakazali mieszka\u0107 w wyznaczonych 30 domach wok\u00f3\u0142 rynku. Zmuszali ich do niewolniczej pracy po 10-12 godzin dziennie. Sp\u0119dzili \u017byd\u00f3w do rozbi\u00f3rki kirkutu, by macewami utwardza\u0107 drog\u0119. Innym poni\u017ceniem by\u0142a rozbi\u00f3rka synagogi i jesziwy. Jesieni\u0105 1942 r. Niemcy zagnali wszystkich \u017byd\u00f3w z Kodnia do wi\u0119kszego getta, sk\u0105d przed ko\u0144cem roku deportowali ich do kom\u00f3r gazowych obozu zag\u0142ady w Treblince.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubernator Stiepan Stiepanowicz Gromieka, prawos\u0142awny bigot, kt\u00f3rego c\u00f3rka zosta\u0142a ihumeni\u0105 monastyru, w 1875 r. odebra\u0142 katolikom barokow\u0105 kolegiat\u0119 \u015bw. Anny w Kodniu i przekaza\u0142 popom. Ta cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 Polski w&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Polsko-\u017cydowski Kode\u0144\u00a0 - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/polsko-zydowski-koden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Polsko-\u017cydowski Kode\u0144\u00a0 - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubernator Stiepan Stiepanowicz Gromieka, prawos\u0142awny bigot, kt\u00f3rego c\u00f3rka zosta\u0142a ihumeni\u0105 monastyru, w 1875 r. odebra\u0142 katolikom barokow\u0105 kolegiat\u0119 \u015bw. 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