{"id":8534,"date":"2022-02-25T08:39:52","date_gmt":"2022-02-25T07:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=8534"},"modified":"2022-02-25T10:13:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-25T09:13:07","slug":"fenomen-prasy-zydowskiej-w-ii-rp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/fenomen-prasy-zydowskiej-w-ii-rp\/","title":{"rendered":"Fenomen prasy \u017cydowskiej w II RP"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6><strong>Pa\u0144stwo polskie w okresie mi\u0119dzywojennym by\u0142o krajem wielonarodowym, w kt\u00f3rym, wed\u0142ug dost\u0119pnych danych statystycznych, oko\u0142o 34% mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w deklarowa\u0142o niepolsk\u0105 narodowo\u015b\u0107. Na podzia\u0142y etniczne nak\u0142ada\u0142a si\u0119 mozaika religijna i kulturowa. Wi\u0105za\u0142a si\u0119 ona z du\u017c\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015bci\u0105 j\u0119zykow\u0105 ludno\u015bci II RP. Bogactwo j\u0119zykowe z kolei implikowa\u0142o powstanie autonomicznych subsystem\u00f3w prasowych, kt\u00f3re w II RP by\u0142y bardzo dobrze rozwini\u0119te.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Wed\u0142ug najnowszych bada\u0144 og\u00f3lna liczba periodyk\u00f3w wydawanych przez mniejszo\u015bci narodowe w latach 1918\u20131939 przekroczy\u0142a 3500 tytu\u0142\u00f3w. Najliczniej reprezentowana by\u0142a prasa trzech najwi\u0119kszych nacji \u2013 \u017byd\u00f3w, Ukrai\u0144c\u00f3w i Niemc\u00f3w. Segment pism \u017cydowskich \u0142\u0105cznie liczy\u0142 1715 tytu\u0142\u00f3w, a ukrai\u0144ski \u2013 dla por\u00f3wnania \u2013 1132. Z podanej liczby prawie 400 pism \u017cydowskich wydawano jednak nie w j\u0119zyku jidysz lub hebrajskim, lecz po polsku.<\/p>\n<p>Dzi\u015b, na podstawie bada\u0144 naukowych wiemy, \u017ce o sile czasopism nie \u015bwiadczy\u0142a ich liczba, lecz nak\u0142ady i kluczowa kwestia \u2013 zasi\u0119g czytelniczy. Co ciekawe, ten ostatni w\u015br\u00f3d mniejszo\u015bci narodowych II RP by\u0142 najwy\u017cszy w\u015br\u00f3d Niemc\u00f3w: 12,7 egz. dziennika przypada\u0142o na 100 os\u00f3b. W spo\u0142eczno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej za\u015b \u2013 10. Dla por\u00f3wnania zasi\u0119gi w\u015br\u00f3d czytelnik\u00f3w ukrai\u0144skich to 0,6 egz., a w\u015br\u00f3d bia\u0142oruskich by\u0142y bliskie zeru.<\/p>\n<p>Warszawa by\u0142a najwi\u0119kszym polskim centrum prasy \u017cydowskiej, gdzie wydawano oko\u0142o 30\u201340% \u017cydowskich tytu\u0142\u00f3w (oko\u0142o 682), w tym oko\u0142o 40\u201345 dziennik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re w 1938 r. drukowa\u0142y 196 tys. egzemplarzy, czyli ok. 20% sto\u0142ecznego nak\u0142adu gazet. G\u0142\u00f3wnymi dziennikami \u017cydowskimi wydawanymi w jidysz by\u0142y \u201eDer Moment\u201d, \u201eHajnt\u201d oraz ukazuj\u0105cy si\u0119 w j\u0119zyku polskim \u201eNasz Przegl\u0105d\u201d. Dwa pierwsze silnie ze sob\u0105 konkurowa\u0142y.<\/p>\n<p>Du\u017c\u0105 popularno\u015bci\u0105 w \u201eHajncie\u201d cieszy\u0142y si\u0119 zw\u0142aszcza \u201eListy polityczne\u201d \u2013 sta\u0142a rubryka redagowana przez Moszego Justmana, pos\u0142uguj\u0105cego si\u0119 pseudonimem B. Juszson. Wedle opinii Mariana Fuksa \u2013 czo\u0142owego badacza prasy \u017cydowskiej od lat 70. XX w. \u2013 Justman, pok\u0142\u00f3ciwszy si\u0119 z naczelnym \u201eDer Momentu\u201d, do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 do redakcji \u201eHajntu\u201d, poci\u0105gaj\u0105c za sob\u0105 tysi\u0105ce czytelnik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eDer Moment\u201d uchodzi\u0142a za najnowocze\u015bniejsz\u0105 w\u015br\u00f3d gazet \u017cydowskich. Jej redakcja wyposa\u017cona by\u0142a w maszyny rotacyjne i linotypy nowej generacji. Tygodniowy nak\u0142ad pisma waha\u0142 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy 40 a 60 tys. egzemplarzy, a wydania weekendowe mia\u0142y nak\u0142ad blisko 90 tys. Natomiast gdy gazeta opisywa\u0142a g\u0142o\u015bn\u0105 spraw\u0119 Menachema Mendla Bejlisa \u2014 nak\u0142ad wynosi\u0142 ponad sto pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0105t tysi\u0119cy egzemplarzy.<\/p>\n<p>Ostatnie numeru obu dziennik\u00f3w ukaza\u0142y si\u0119 23 wrze\u015bnia 1939 r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pa\u0144stwo polskie w okresie mi\u0119dzywojennym by\u0142o krajem wielonarodowym, w kt\u00f3rym, wed\u0142ug dost\u0119pnych danych statystycznych, oko\u0142o 34% mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w deklarowa\u0142o niepolsk\u0105 narodowo\u015b\u0107. Na podzia\u0142y etniczne nak\u0142ada\u0142a si\u0119 mozaika religijna i kulturowa. Wi\u0105za\u0142a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fenomen prasy \u017cydowskiej w II RP - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/fenomen-prasy-zydowskiej-w-ii-rp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fenomen prasy \u017cydowskiej w II RP - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pa\u0144stwo polskie w okresie mi\u0119dzywojennym by\u0142o krajem wielonarodowym, w kt\u00f3rym, wed\u0142ug dost\u0119pnych danych statystycznych, oko\u0142o 34% mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w deklarowa\u0142o niepolsk\u0105 narodowo\u015b\u0107. 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