{"id":55429,"date":"2024-01-17T11:40:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T10:40:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=55429"},"modified":"2024-01-18T10:42:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T09:42:28","slug":"stanislaw-august-poniatowski-1732-1798-ostatni-krol-polski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/stanislaw-august-poniatowski-1732-1798-ostatni-krol-polski\/","title":{"rendered":"Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski (1732-1798) \u2013 ostatni kr\u00f3l Polski"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong>\u00a0Z jednej strony\u00a0 panowanie ostatniego kr\u00f3la Polski Stanis\u0142awa Augusta Poniatowskiego by\u0142o okresem podejmowania reform ustrojowych z Konstytucj\u0105 3 Maja 1791 r., jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c zaznaczy\u0142o si\u0119 \u00a0mecenatem sztuki. Z drugiej by\u0142 on uznawany\u00a0 za osob\u0119 uleg\u0142\u0105\u00a0 Katarzynie II \u2013 carycy Rosji, dzi\u0119ki poparciu kt\u00f3rej zosta\u0142 wybrany na w\u0142adc\u0119 Polski. <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 17 stycznia 1732 r. w Wo\u0142czynie (dzisiejsza Bia\u0142oru\u015b). By\u0142 synem Stanis\u0142awa, kasztelana krakowskiego i Konstancji. Przez rodzin\u0119 matk\u0119 by\u0142 blisko spokrewniony \u00a0z rodzin\u0105 Czartoryskich, jedn\u0105 z najbardziej wp\u0142ywowych w \u00f3wczesnej Polsce. Nauk\u0119 pobiera\u0142 pocz\u0105tkowo w domu, a p\u00f3\u017aniej w kolegium teatyn\u00f3w w Warszawie.<\/p>\n<p>W latach 1755-1758 przebywa\u0142 w Petersburgu \u2013 stolicy Rosji, pocz\u0105tkowo jako sekretarz pos\u0142a angielskiego. Tutaj nawi\u0105za\u0142 romans z \u017con\u0105 nast\u0119pcy tronu\u00a0 Katarzyn\u0105, kt\u00f3ra\u00a0 wywar\u0142a ogromy wp\u0142yw na jego \u017cycie. W 1762 r. w wyniku przewrotu Katarzyna zosta\u0142a w\u0142adczyni\u0105 Rosji. W 1764 r. w Polsce dosz\u0142o do <a href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/czy-mozna-wybrac-sobie-krola-okazuje-sie-ze-w-polsce-tak\/\">wolnej elekcji<\/a>, podczas kt\u00f3rej, dzi\u0119ki poparciu carycy wysy\u0142ano wojska rosyjskie do Polski, Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski zosta\u0142 wybrany na kr\u00f3la Rzeczypospolitej.<\/p>\n<p>Nowo wybrany w\u0142adca pr\u00f3bowa\u0142 wprowadzi\u0107 reformy ustrojowe w kraju, kt\u00f3re by\u0142y jednak blokowane przez polsk\u0105 magnateri\u0119, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c s\u0105siednie pa\u0144stwa z Rosj\u0105 na czele.<br \/>\nW 1765 r. za\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 Szko\u0142\u0119 Rycersk\u0105, kt\u00f3ra mia\u0142 kszta\u0142ci\u0107 kadry oficerskie dla polskiego wojska.<\/p>\n<p>W 1772 r. s\u0105siednie mocarstwa Rosja, Prusy i Austria zaj\u0119\u0142y cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ziem Rzeczypospolitej, dokonuj\u0105c I rozbioru. W 1773 r. powo\u0142ano w Polsce <a href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/komisja-edukacji-narodowej\/\">Komisj\u0119 Edukacji Narodowej<\/a>, instytucj\u0119, kt\u00f3ra mia\u0142a zreformowa\u0107 w spos\u00f3b kompleksowy kszta\u0142cenie i wychowanie pokole\u0144 Polak\u00f3w. \u00a0W latach 1788-1792 obradowa\u0142 Sejm Wielki, kt\u00f3rego najwi\u0119kszym osi\u0105gni\u0119ciem by\u0142o uchwalenie <a href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/konstytucja-3-maja\/\">Konstytucji 3 Maja<\/a>. Niestety ta pr\u00f3ba reform zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 zawi\u0105zaniem Konfederacji Targowickiej i wojn\u0105 z Rosja, zako\u0144czon\u0105 akcesem w\u0142adcy Polski do wspomnianej konfederacji i II rozbiorem kraju pomi\u0119dzy Rosj\u0119 i Prusy w 1793 r. Ostatni, zarazem ostateczny, rozbi\u00f3r Polski mia\u0142 miejsce w 1795 r. Kr\u00f3l podpisa\u0142 akt abdykacji i pozosta\u0142 na ziemiach zaj\u0119tych przez Rosj\u0119. Zmar\u0142 12 lutego 1798 r. w Petersburgu, w kt\u00f3rym przebywa\u0142 od 1796 r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0Z jednej strony\u00a0 panowanie ostatniego kr\u00f3la Polski Stanis\u0142awa Augusta Poniatowskiego by\u0142o okresem podejmowania reform ustrojowych z Konstytucj\u0105 3 Maja 1791 r., jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c zaznaczy\u0142o si\u0119 \u00a0mecenatem sztuki. Z drugiej by\u0142&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":55427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski (1732-1798) \u2013 ostatni kr\u00f3l Polski - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/stanislaw-august-poniatowski-1732-1798-ostatni-krol-polski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski (1732-1798) \u2013 ostatni kr\u00f3l Polski - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0Z jednej strony\u00a0 panowanie ostatniego kr\u00f3la Polski Stanis\u0142awa Augusta Poniatowskiego by\u0142o okresem podejmowania reform ustrojowych z Konstytucj\u0105 3 Maja 1791 r., jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c zaznaczy\u0142o si\u0119 \u00a0mecenatem sztuki. 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