{"id":54635,"date":"2024-01-08T13:00:46","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T12:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=54635"},"modified":"2024-01-09T08:51:57","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T07:51:57","slug":"boznice-zydowskie-na-wschodnich-ziemiach-rzeczypospolitej-obojga-narodow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/boznice-zydowskie-na-wschodnich-ziemiach-rzeczypospolitej-obojga-narodow\/","title":{"rendered":"Bo\u017cnice \u017cydowskie na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narod\u00f3w"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong>Osadnictwo \u017cydowskie na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej zapocz\u0105tkowane zosta\u0142o w 2. po\u0142owie XIV wieku wraz ze wzmo\u017con\u0105 akcj\u0105 kolonizacyjn\u0105 prowadzon\u0105 na Rusi przez Kazimierza Wielkiego. W XIV-XVI wieku wi\u0119ksze skupiska ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej znajdowa\u0142y si\u0119 ju\u017c na Wo\u0142yniu, Podolu oraz na Litwie. W krajobrazie obecnej Ukrainy, Bia\u0142orusi i Litwy do dnia dzisiejszego istniej\u0105 wyr\u00f3\u017cniaj\u0105ce si\u0119 \u015blady dawnych \u017cydowskich mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w \u2013 bo\u017cnice, ukazuj\u0105ce bogactwo r\u00f3\u017cnych styl\u00f3w i wp\u0142yw\u00f3w artystycznych.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Znaczna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 kresowych \u017byd\u00f3w mieszka\u0142a na wsi, zajmuj\u0105c si\u0119 tradycyjnie dzier\u017caw\u0105 karczem, m\u0142yn\u00f3w, a czasem d\u00f3br ziemskich. \u017bycie religijne skupione by\u0142o w gminach (kaha\u0142ach), przy kt\u00f3rych istnia\u0142y domy modlitwy \u2013 synagogi. W wi\u0119kszych miastach by\u0142y to zwykle budowle murowane, nawi\u0105zuj\u0105ce skal\u0105 i architektur\u0105 do budownictwa mieszcza\u0144skiego, niekiedy do architektury dworskiej czy sakralnej. Wybitne walory architektoniczne posiada\u0142y murowane bo\u017cnice mi\u0119dzy innymi we Lwowie (synagoga Z\u0142otej R\u00f3\u017cy, 1582), S\u0142onimiu (1642) oraz w \u017b\u00f3\u0142kwi, Pi\u0144sku, Nowopolu (XVII wiek). Mniejsze gminy budowa\u0142y zwykle bo\u017cnice drewniane i skromniejsze. Posiada\u0142y one zazwyczaj tylko sal\u0119 modlitw dla m\u0119\u017cczyzn, mieszcz\u0105c\u0105 na \u015bcianie wschodniej szaf\u0119 ze zwojami Starego Testamentu (aron ha-kodesz), m\u00f3wnic\u0119 (bim\u0119), przedsionek, rzadziej osobne pomieszczenie dla kobiet. Bo\u017cnice drewniane reprezentowa\u0142y du\u017c\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015b\u0107 styl\u00f3w oraz rozwi\u0105za\u0144 konstrukcyjnych i dekoracyjnych. Oryginalne bry\u0142y zwie\u0144czone kopu\u0142ami, wn\u0119trza o pozornych sklepieniach i bogatej dekoracji malarskiej mia\u0142y mi\u0119dzy innymi bo\u017cnice w Chodorowie (1640-50), Janowie ko\u0142o Trembowli (XVII wiek), Podhrebyszczu (1690), Wo\u0142pie (XVIII wiek).<\/p>\n<p>Od ko\u0144ca XVII wieku nast\u0105pi\u0142 zmierzch \u017cydowskiej architektury sakralnej na ziemiach wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej, spowodowany zar\u00f3wno pogromami kozackimi, prze\u015bladowaniami i represjami ze strony pa\u0144stw zaborczych, jak i nowymi ruchami religijnymi, mi\u0119dzy innymi chasydyzmem, kt\u00f3ry wp\u0142yn\u0105\u0142 na uproszczenie form architektonicznych, czy ruchem post\u0119powych \u017byd\u00f3w (haskala, 2 po\u0142. XIX wieku), sprzyjaj\u0105cym budownictwu synagog post\u0119powych, kt\u00f3re \u0142\u0105czy\u0142y motywy orientalne z wn\u0119trzami kszta\u0142towanymi pod wp\u0142ywem rozwi\u0105za\u0144 protestanckich.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osadnictwo \u017cydowskie na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej zapocz\u0105tkowane zosta\u0142o w 2. po\u0142owie XIV wieku wraz ze wzmo\u017con\u0105 akcj\u0105 kolonizacyjn\u0105 prowadzon\u0105 na Rusi przez Kazimierza Wielkiego. W XIV-XVI wieku wi\u0119ksze skupiska ludno\u015bci&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":54636,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bo\u017cnice \u017cydowskie na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narod\u00f3w - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/boznice-zydowskie-na-wschodnich-ziemiach-rzeczypospolitej-obojga-narodow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bo\u017cnice \u017cydowskie na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narod\u00f3w - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Osadnictwo \u017cydowskie na wschodnich ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej zapocz\u0105tkowane zosta\u0142o w 2. po\u0142owie XIV wieku wraz ze wzmo\u017con\u0105 akcj\u0105 kolonizacyjn\u0105 prowadzon\u0105 na Rusi przez Kazimierza Wielkiego. 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