{"id":54441,"date":"2024-01-04T11:50:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T10:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=54441"},"modified":"2024-01-05T11:37:33","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T10:37:33","slug":"kosciuszko-bohater-walki-o-wolnosc-polski-usa-i-niewolnikow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/kosciuszko-bohater-walki-o-wolnosc-polski-usa-i-niewolnikow\/","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u015bciuszko \u2013 bohater walki o wolno\u015b\u0107 Polski, USA i\u2026 niewolnik\u00f3w"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong>Uznawany jest za bohatera narodowego zar\u00f3wno w Polsce, jak i w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko wyr\u00f3\u017cnia\u0142 si\u0119 liberalnymi, jak na owe czasy, pogl\u0105dami, szczeg\u00f3lnie w odniesieniu do niewolnictwa. Jego zaanga\u017cowanie w t\u0119 spraw\u0119 by\u0142o niezwyk\u0142e, zw\u0142aszcza w \u015bwietle \u00f3wczesnych reali\u00f3w historycznych.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Po przybyciu do USA w 1776 r., wkr\u00f3tce po proklamacji Deklaracji Niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci, Ko\u015bciuszko zdoby\u0142 uznanie dzi\u0119ki swoim talentom in\u017cynieryjnym. Jego wk\u0142ad w prace fortyfikacyjne, w tym budow\u0119 West Point, mia\u0142 kluczowe znaczenie dla zwyci\u0119stw w wojnie o niepodleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107 Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych. Za swoje zas\u0142ugi, w 1783 r., otrzyma\u0142 awans na genera\u0142a brygady w armii ameryka\u0144skiej, a tak\u017ce znaczne nadania ziemskie i finansowe. Po raz drugi w tym kraju znalaz\u0142\u00a0si\u0119 w latach 1797-1798.<\/p>\n<p>Ko\u015bciuszko nie popiera\u0142 niewolnictwa, co w jego czasach nale\u017ca\u0142o do rzadko\u015bci. 5 maja 1798 r. zwracaj\u0105c si\u0119 w li\u015bcie do swojego przyjaciela, Thomasa Jeffersona, p\u00f3\u017aniejszego prezydenta USA, napisa\u0142: \u201ePanie Jefferson, prosz\u0119 pana na wypadek mojej \u015bmierci, aby przeznaczy\u0142 pan moje pieni\u0105dze na uwolnienie tylu czarnych os\u00f3b, ilu mog\u0142oby mie\u0107 zapewnion\u0105 edukacj\u0119 i godne \u017cycie\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>W swoim testamencie przewidzia\u0142, \u017ce cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 jego maj\u0105tku zostanie przeznaczona na wykup i edukacj\u0119 niewolnik\u00f3w, w tym tych nale\u017c\u0105cych do Thomasa Jeffersona.. Odzwierciedla\u0142o to przekonania Ko\u015bciuszki, \u017ce za s\u0142owami powinny i\u015b\u0107 czyny..\u00a0\u00a0 Podkre\u015bla\u0142, \u017ce wyzwoleni ludzie powinni otrzyma\u0107 edukacj\u0119, bez czego nie by\u0142o mowy o ich niezale\u017cno\u015bci. Mieli r\u00f3wnie\u017c otrzyma\u0107 ziemi\u0119 (100 akr\u00f3w) i odpowiednie narz\u0119dzia do jej uprawiania.<\/p>\n<p>Niestety, Jefferson, mimo i\u017c okre\u015bla\u0142 Ko\u015bciuszk\u0119 mianem \u201enajczystszego syna wolno\u015bci\u201d, nie zrealizowa\u0142 woli polskiego przyjaciela. Jego wahanie i obawy przed konsekwencjami tak odwa\u017cnego kroku sprawi\u0142y, \u017ce testament Ko\u015bciuszki pozosta\u0142 niespe\u0142niony. Kwestie niewolnictwa Ko\u015bciuszko rozumia\u0142 szeroko, dlatego zni\u00f3s\u0142 podda\u0144stwo ch\u0142op\u00f3w pracuj\u0105cych w jego maj\u0105tku w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narod\u00f3w (obecnie teren Bia\u0142orusi) i uzna\u0142 ich za wolnych obywateli. Anga\u017cowa\u0142 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c w sprawy innych spo\u0142eczno\u015bci:\u00a0 Indian, \u017byd\u00f3w oraz kobiet.<\/p>\n<p>O pionierskim liberalizmie polsko-ameryka\u0144skiego bohatera \u015bwiadczy to, \u017ce\u00a0 dopiero 1 stycznia 1863 r. w USA zacz\u0119\u0142a obowi\u0105zywa\u0107 \u201eProklamacja Emancypacji\u201d wydana przez prezydenta Abrahama Lincolna o zniesieniu niewolnictwa w tym kraju, cho\u0107 pocz\u0105tkowo obowi\u0105zywa\u0142a ona tylko w Skonfederowanych Stanach Ameryki.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uznawany jest za bohatera narodowego zar\u00f3wno w Polsce, jak i w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko wyr\u00f3\u017cnia\u0142 si\u0119 liberalnymi, jak na owe czasy, pogl\u0105dami, szczeg\u00f3lnie w odniesieniu do niewolnictwa. Jego zaanga\u017cowanie&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":54442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ko\u015bciuszko \u2013 bohater walki o wolno\u015b\u0107 Polski, USA i\u2026 niewolnik\u00f3w - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/kosciuszko-bohater-walki-o-wolnosc-polski-usa-i-niewolnikow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ko\u015bciuszko \u2013 bohater walki o wolno\u015b\u0107 Polski, USA i\u2026 niewolnik\u00f3w - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Uznawany jest za bohatera narodowego zar\u00f3wno w Polsce, jak i w Stanach Zjednoczonych. 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