{"id":48959,"date":"2023-10-23T10:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T08:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=48959"},"modified":"2023-10-23T10:56:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T08:56:00","slug":"czy-chiny-mogly-stac-sie-chrzescijanskie-w-xvii-wieku-misja-polskiego-jezuity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/czy-chiny-mogly-stac-sie-chrzescijanskie-w-xvii-wieku-misja-polskiego-jezuity\/","title":{"rendered":"Czy Chiny mog\u0142y sta\u0107 si\u0119 chrze\u015bcija\u0144skie w XVII wieku? Misja polskiego jezuity"},"content":{"rendered":"
W XVII wieku zaistnia\u0142a szansa na chrystianizacj\u0119 Pa\u0144stwa \u015arodka. Stara\u0142 si\u0119 o to Micha\u0142 Boym, kt\u00f3ry chcia\u0142 wesprze\u0107 i uratowa\u0107 chi\u0144sk\u0105 dynasti\u0119 Ming w walce z Mand\u017curami. <\/strong><\/h5>\n

W 1648 roku na dworze ostatniego przedstawiciela dynastii Ming \u2013 cesarza Jung-li, kt\u00f3ry bezskutecznie stara\u0142 si\u0119 przeciwstawi\u0107 dominacji Mand\u017cur\u00f3w w p\u00f3\u0142nocnych i \u015brodkowych Chinach, odby\u0142a si\u0119 wyj\u0105tkowa uroczysto\u015b\u0107. Kilkumiesi\u0119czny syn cesarza zosta\u0142 ochrzczony przez jezuickich misjonarzy. W kr\u0119gu otaczaj\u0105cych Jung-li Europejczyk\u00f3w zrodzi\u0142 si\u0119 pomys\u0142 wys\u0142ania poselstwa do papie\u017ca Innocentego X, kt\u00f3re mia\u0142o go przekona\u0107 do zorganizowania \u201ekrucjaty\u201d przeciwko Mand\u017curom, dzi\u0119ki czemu Chiny mog\u0142y by\u0107 dalej chrystianizowane. Cesarskim pos\u0142em wys\u0142anym do Rzymu zosta\u0142 polski jezuita Micha\u0142 Piotr Boym, u\u017cywaj\u0105cy chi\u0144skiego nazwiska Pu-Mi-ko Cze-juen.<\/p>\n

Przyszed\u0142 on na \u015bwiat oko\u0142o 1612 r. we Lwowie. Ju\u017c jako m\u0142ody ch\u0142opiec postanowi\u0142 po\u015bwi\u0119ci\u0107 si\u0119 pracy misyjnej na Dalekim Wschodzie. Po odbyciu nowicjatu w Krakowie i uzyskaniu \u015bwi\u0119ce\u0144 kap\u0142a\u0144skich w 1643 r. wyjecha\u0142 do Rzymu, sk\u0105d uda\u0142 si\u0119 do Lizbony i z grup\u0105 10 ksi\u0119\u017cy i kilku kleryk\u00f3w wyp\u0142yn\u0105\u0142 do Makau. Po przybyciu do Chin pracowa\u0142 w kolegium jezuickim \u015awi\u0119tego J\u00f3zefa. Studiowa\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c j\u0119zyki, obyczaje i medycyn\u0119 chi\u0144sk\u0105, a tak\u017ce opracowa\u0142 18-kartonowy atlas chi\u0144ski. Kiedy w 1649 r. pojawi\u0142 si\u0119 na dworze Ming\u00f3w w prowincji Kuansi by\u0142 znakomicie przygotowany do swojej misji.<\/p>\n

W styczniu 1651 r. po wielu trudno\u015bciach uda\u0142o mu si\u0119 wreszcie opu\u015bci\u0107 port w Makau i odby\u0107 podr\u00f3\u017c do Rzymu, gdzie znalaz\u0142 si\u0119 w grudniu 1652 r. Pomimo, \u017ce Boym zosta\u0142 \u017cyczliwie przyj\u0119ty przez weneckiego do\u017c\u0119, w samym Rzymie potraktowano go z nieufno\u015bci\u0105. Musia\u0142 czeka\u0107 a\u017c trzy lata na audiencj\u0119 u papie\u017ca Innocentego X. Dopiero kolejny papie\u017c \u2013 Aleksander VII \u2013 przyj\u0105\u0142 uroczy\u015bcie wys\u0142annika chi\u0144skiego cesarza i przekaza\u0142 mu sw\u0105 odpowied\u017a. W marcu 1656 r. poselstwo papieskie z Boymem opu\u015bci\u0142o Lizbon\u0119 i dotar\u0142o w sierpniu 1658 r. do Tinkinu. W mi\u0119dzyczasie epigon dynastii Ming szykowa\u0142 si\u0119 do dalszej ofensywy w walce z Mand\u017curami.<\/p>\n

Niestety 22 sierpnia 1656 r. w Kuangsi Boym nieoczekiwanie zmar\u0142. Jego misja zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 zatem niepowodzeniem i nadzieje na uratowanie chrze\u015bcija\u0144skich Ming\u00f3w leg\u0142y w gruzach. Mimo to skromny zakonnik wykaza\u0142 si\u0119 wielk\u0105 odwag\u0105, uporem i talentem dyplomatycznym oraz niew\u0105tpliwymi zdolno\u015bciami naukowymi, kt\u00f3rych owocem by\u0142a mi\u0119dzy innymi jego unikalna geografia Chin i pierwszy w Europie opis chi\u0144skiej flory.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

W XVII wieku zaistnia\u0142a szansa na chrystianizacj\u0119 Pa\u0144stwa \u015arodka. Stara\u0142 si\u0119 o to Micha\u0142 Boym, kt\u00f3ry chcia\u0142 wesprze\u0107 i uratowa\u0107 chi\u0144sk\u0105 dynasti\u0119 Ming w walce z Mand\u017curami. W 1648 roku…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":48960,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"\nCzy Chiny mog\u0142y sta\u0107 si\u0119 chrze\u015bcija\u0144skie w XVII wieku? Misja polskiego jezuity - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/czy-chiny-mogly-stac-sie-chrzescijanskie-w-xvii-wieku-misja-polskiego-jezuity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Czy Chiny mog\u0142y sta\u0107 si\u0119 chrze\u015bcija\u0144skie w XVII wieku? Misja polskiego jezuity - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W XVII wieku zaistnia\u0142a szansa na chrystianizacj\u0119 Pa\u0144stwa \u015arodka. Stara\u0142 si\u0119 o to Micha\u0142 Boym, kt\u00f3ry chcia\u0142 wesprze\u0107 i uratowa\u0107 chi\u0144sk\u0105 dynasti\u0119 Ming w walce z Mand\u017curami. 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