{"id":40607,"date":"2023-02-13T07:29:17","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T06:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=40607"},"modified":"2023-02-12T21:12:30","modified_gmt":"2023-02-12T20:12:30","slug":"kim-byla-roza-melcer-pierwsza-zydowska-poslanka-do-sejmu-ii-rzeczypospolitej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/kim-byla-roza-melcer-pierwsza-zydowska-poslanka-do-sejmu-ii-rzeczypospolitej\/","title":{"rendered":"Kim by\u0142a R\u00f3\u017ca Melcer \u2013 pierwsza \u017cydowska pos\u0142anka do Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>W 1936 r. ukaza\u0142a si\u0119 broszura po\u015bwi\u0119cona zmar\u0142ej w 1934 r. R\u00f3\u017cy Melcer. Teksty j\u0105 upami\u0119tniaj\u0105ce zamie\u015bci\u0142y m.in. \u017cona Majera Ba\u0142abana, Moj\u017cesza Schorra i Emila Sommersteina. Po \u015bmierci ho\u0142d odda\u0142o jej wiele kobiet, poniewa\u017c za \u017cycia nieustannie podnosi\u0142a ich problemy. Dzi\u015b uznawana jest za jedn\u0105 z najwybitniejszych przedstawicielek syjonistycznego ruchu kobiecego w Galicji, a nast\u0119pnie w II Rzeczypospolitej.\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00f3\u017ca, nazywana w domu R\u00f3zi\u0105, urodzi\u0142a si\u0119 w 1880 r. w Tarnopolu w bogatej rodzinie \u017cydowskiej Pomeranz\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ra popiera\u0142a ruch syjonistyczny. To spowodowa\u0142o, \u017ce w czasach wczesnej m\u0142odo\u015bci wraz z bratem zak\u0142ada\u0142a k\u00f3\u0142ka syjonistyczne w swoim rodzinnym mie\u015bcie. Dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 polityczn\u0105 przerwa\u0142 okres studi\u00f3w. Wed\u0142ug r\u00f3\u017cnych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142, studiowa\u0142a w Dre\u017anie, Wiedniu, Berlinie i Pary\u017cu. Niestety, ten okres w jej \u017cyciu nie jest dobrze znany.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po powrocie do kraju w ko\u0144cu XIX w. rozpocz\u0119\u0142a bardzo aktywn\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 na niwie spo\u0142ecznej i politycznej. Ju\u017c wtedy podejmowa\u0142a w prasie zagadnienia zwi\u0105zane z znaczeniem i rol\u0105 kobiet w ruchu syjonistycznym. Postulowa\u0142a w\u00f3wczas, by kobiety-syjonistyki \u0142\u0105czy\u0142y \u017cycie rodzinne z rozwijaniem swoich zainteresowa\u0144 na polu idea\u0142\u00f3w narodowych.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jej kariera polityczno-spo\u0142eczna nabra\u0142a rumie\u0144c\u00f3w, gdy wysz\u0142a za m\u0105\u017c za prawnika Izaaka Melcera (Melzera) i przenios\u0142a si\u0119 do\u00a0 Lwowa, w kt\u00f3rym mieszka\u0142a do \u015bmierci. Tam zaanga\u017cowa\u0142a si\u0119 w dzia\u0142ania Ko\u0142a Kobiet \u017bydowskich, kt\u00f3rego przez d\u0142ugie lata by\u0142a prezesk\u0105. Skupia\u0142a si\u0119 w\u00f3wczas na pomocy spo\u0142ecznej. Wybuch I wojny \u015bwiatowej zintensyfikowa\u0142 jej wysi\u0142ki, by pom\u00f3c najbiedniejszym. We Lwowie organizowa\u0142a kuchni\u0119 ludow\u0105 z pralni\u0105 i odka\u017calni\u0105 oraz przychodni\u0119 dla dzieci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gdy Polska odzyska\u0142a niepodleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107, Melcer nadal oddawa\u0142a si\u0119 dzia\u0142alno\u015bci spo\u0142ecznej. W siedzibie Ko\u0142a znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 ochronka dla dzieci, nast\u0119pnie internat dla dziewcz\u0105t oraz wydawnictwo dla dzieci.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karier\u0119 polityczn\u0105 rozpocz\u0119\u0142a w 1922 r., gdy z ramienia Komitetu Zjednoczonych Stronnictw Narodowo-\u017bydowskich otrzyma\u0142a mandat do Sejmu. Znalaz\u0142a si\u0119 w gronie pierwszych 9 kobiet zasiadaj\u0105cych w polskim parlamencie i by\u0142a pierwsz\u0105 \u017byd\u00f3wk\u0105 w tej grupie. Do jej najwi\u0119kszych osi\u0105gni\u0119\u0107 z pewno\u015bci\u0105 nale\u017ca\u0142o za\u0142o\u017cenie zak\u0142adu dla niewidomych i g\u0142uchoniemych dzieci \u017cydowskich w Bojanowie. Niestety, przesta\u0142 on dzia\u0142a\u0107 w rok po jej \u015bmierci. R\u00f3wnolegle Melcer anga\u017cowa\u0142a si\u0119 w prace WIZO \u2013 Mi\u0119dzynarodowej Syjonistycznej Organizacji Kobiet, kt\u00f3ra powsta\u0142a w 1920 r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>W 1936 r. ukaza\u0142a si\u0119 broszura po\u015bwi\u0119cona zmar\u0142ej w 1934 r. R\u00f3\u017cy Melcer. Teksty j\u0105 upami\u0119tniaj\u0105ce zamie\u015bci\u0142y m.in. \u017cona Majera Ba\u0142abana, Moj\u017cesza Schorra i Emila Sommersteina. Po \u015bmierci ho\u0142d odda\u0142o&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":40613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kim by\u0142a R\u00f3\u017ca Melcer \u2013 pierwsza \u017cydowska pos\u0142anka do Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej? - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/kim-byla-roza-melcer-pierwsza-zydowska-poslanka-do-sejmu-ii-rzeczypospolitej\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kim by\u0142a R\u00f3\u017ca Melcer \u2013 pierwsza \u017cydowska pos\u0142anka do Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej? - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W 1936 r. ukaza\u0142a si\u0119 broszura po\u015bwi\u0119cona zmar\u0142ej w 1934 r. 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