{"id":39268,"date":"2023-01-27T07:02:39","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T06:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=39268"},"modified":"2023-01-26T22:08:14","modified_gmt":"2023-01-26T21:08:14","slug":"zycie-i-zaglada-zydow-w-oswiecimiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/zycie-i-zaglada-zydow-w-oswiecimiu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017bycie i zag\u0142ada \u017byd\u00f3w w O\u015bwi\u0119cimiu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Historia o\u015bwi\u0119cimskiej gminy \u017cydowskiej si\u0119ga pierwszej po\u0142owy XVI w.\u00a0 Przez ponad 400 lat \u017cycie \u017byd\u00f3w w O\u015bwi\u0119cimiu rozwija\u0142o si\u0119 bardzo dynamicznie.\u00a0 Podczas okupacji niemieckiej, w 1941 r. wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich zosta\u0142a wysiedlona, a nast\u0119pnie trafi\u0142a do obozu zag\u0142ady w Be\u0142\u017ccu.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pierwsze informacje \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owe o obecno\u015bci ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej pochodz\u0105 z 1457 r. Pocz\u0105tkowo zaj\u0119\u0142a ona p\u00f3\u0142nocn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 miasta, by wkr\u00f3tce przenie\u015b\u0107 si\u0119 na jego po\u0142udniowy kraniec w okolice zamku i dzisiejszej ulicy Berka Joselewicza. \u017bydzi zajmowali si\u0119 w\u00f3wczas propinacj\u0105, lichw\u0105 i wyspecjalizowali si\u0119 w handlu hurtowym soli boche\u0144skiej. Wznie\u015bli wtedy r\u00f3wnie\u017c drewnian\u0105 synagog\u0119 i za\u0142o\u017cyli cmentarz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Z czasem relacje mi\u0119dzy polskimi mieszczanami i ich \u017cydowskimi s\u0105siadami pogorszy\u0142y si\u0119 i kr\u00f3l Zygmunt August wyda\u0142 dla miasta przywilej zabraniaj\u0105cy osiedlania si\u0119 nowoprzyby\u0142ym \u017bydom w O\u015bwi\u0119cimiu. Wyszed\u0142 on z kancelarii kr\u00f3lewskiej w 1563 r. Jednak mimo restrykcji, niejako wbrew postanowieniom przywileju, \u017cycie \u017cydowskiej spo\u0142eczno\u015bci w mie\u015bcie nie tylko nie uleg\u0142o zahamowaniu, lecz od drugiej po\u0142owy XVI w. nast\u0105pi\u0142 du\u017cy rozkwit gminy \u017cydowskiej i \u017cydowskiego handlu. Trwa\u0142 on do pierwszej po\u0142owy XVII w. W okresie wojen ze Szwecj\u0105 O\u015bwi\u0119cim zosta\u0142 ca\u0142kowicie zniszczony.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po rozbiorach Polski miasto znalaz\u0142o si\u0119 pod zaborem austriackim. Z czasem \u017bydzi w monarchii austro-w\u0119gierskiej, nazywanej monarchi\u0105 wielu narod\u00f3w, zostali dopuszczeni do samorz\u0105du i mogli bez przeszk\u00f3d rozwojach swoje firmy. Bogatsi trudnili si\u0119 produkcj\u0105 w\u00f3dek, likier\u00f3w i w\u00f3d gazowanych. Specjalizowali si\u0119 tak\u017ce w handlu garbarskim i budownictwie. Do znanych rod\u00f3w \u017cydowskich tamtego czasu nale\u017celi: Enochowie, Haberfeldowie i Henerbergowie. Du\u017cy wp\u0142yw na stan miejskiej gospodarki mia\u0142 rozw\u00f3j kolei w O\u015bwi\u0119cimiu i za\u0142o\u017cenie kilku wi\u0119kszych fabryk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po odzyskaniu niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci przez pa\u0144stwo polskie spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107 \u017cydowska O\u015bwi\u0119cimia aktywnie zaanga\u017cowa\u0142a si\u0119 prace samorz\u0105du miejskiego. W 1932 r. spo\u015br\u00f3d 32 radnych miejskich 18 by\u0142o \u017bydami, a 1934 r. wiceburmistrzem zosta\u0142 dr Emil Samuel Reich. W okresie mi\u0119dzywojennym O\u015bwi\u0119cim sta\u0142 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c wa\u017cnym o\u015brodkiem chasydyzmu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po wkroczeniu armii niemieckiej do miasta w 1939 r. Niemcy spalili synagog\u0119, a rok p\u00f3\u017aniej powsta\u0142o getto. Podczas okupacji niemieckiej wielu \u017byd\u00f3w wywieziono do obozu pracy przymusowej w G\u00f3rze \u015awi\u0119tej Anny. Pozostali zostali przesiedleni do gett na \u015al\u0105sku, min. do B\u0119dzina i Sosnowca. Stamt\u0105d zostali deportowano go obozu zag\u0142ady w Be\u0142\u017ccu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obecnie w mie\u015bcie pr\u0119\u017cnie dzia\u0142a Centrum \u017bydowskie, kt\u00f3rego misja jest zachowanie pami\u0119ci o o\u015bwi\u0119cimskich \u017bydach.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historia o\u015bwi\u0119cimskiej gminy \u017cydowskiej si\u0119ga pierwszej po\u0142owy XVI w.\u00a0 Przez ponad 400 lat \u017cycie \u017byd\u00f3w w O\u015bwi\u0119cimiu rozwija\u0142o si\u0119 bardzo dynamicznie.\u00a0 Podczas okupacji niemieckiej, w 1941 r. wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z nich&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":39269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - 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