{"id":32019,"date":"2022-10-24T14:00:53","date_gmt":"2022-10-24T12:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=32019"},"modified":"2022-10-24T19:51:09","modified_gmt":"2022-10-24T17:51:09","slug":"jak-nadawano-nazwiska-ludnosci-zydowskiej-w-zaborze-pruskim-i-austriackim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/jak-nadawano-nazwiska-ludnosci-zydowskiej-w-zaborze-pruskim-i-austriackim\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak nadawano nazwiska ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej w zaborze pruskim i austriackim?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong>A\u017c do ko\u0144ca XVIII wieku znaczna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej zamieszkuj\u0105cej ziemie Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narod\u00f3w nie posiada\u0142a nazwisk, a u\u017cywane w odniesieniu do danej osoby czy rodziny przydomki lub dookre\u015blenia charakteryzowa\u0142a dowolno\u015b\u0107 i zmienno\u015b\u0107. Wyj\u0105tek stanowi\u0142y\u00a0 rodziny bior\u0105ce udzia\u0142 w polskim \u017cyciu publicznym, dla kt\u00f3rych posiadanie dziedzicznych i niezmiennych nazwisk by\u0142o konieczno\u015bci\u0105. <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Taki stan by\u0142 nie do przyj\u0119cia dla Austrii i Prus, kraj\u00f3w, w kt\u00f3rych du\u017ce znaczenie dla organizacji pa\u0144stwa mia\u0142y sprawuj\u0105ce nad ca\u0142ym spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwem\u00a0 biurokracja i aparat urz\u0119dniczy. \u00a0i Po rozbiorach Rzeczpospolitej (1772-1795) administracja tych pa\u0144stw zaborczych przyst\u0105pi\u0142a do nadawania \u017bydom nazwisk. W tym celu powo\u0142ano tzw. komisje nazewnicze.<\/p>\n<p>Inicjatywa ta spotka\u0142a si\u0119 z biernym oporem ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej, co z kolei spowodowa\u0142o niech\u0119\u0107 urz\u0119dnik\u00f3w. Niekt\u00f3rzy z zatrudnionych w komisjach (sk\u0142adaj\u0105cych si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie z wojskowych) dopuszczali si\u0119 nadu\u017cy\u0107, nadaj\u0105c nazwiska \u015bmieszne b\u0105d\u017a niedorzeczne.<\/p>\n<p>Zamo\u017cne rodziny \u017cydowskie op\u0142aca\u0142y urz\u0119dnik\u00f3w po to, by uzyska\u0107 nazwiska uchodz\u0105ce w spo\u0142eczno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej za nobilituj\u0105ce. Najbardziej popularne by\u0142y te \u00a0z cz\u0142onami <em>Perl-, Gold-, Silber-, Rosen-, Blumen-, L\u00f6wen<\/em>, <em>Lilien-, Veilchen-<\/em> (per\u0142owy, z\u0142oty, srebrny, r\u00f3\u017cany, kwiatowy, lwi, liliowy, fio\u0142kowy) oraz zako\u0144czone na <em>-berg <\/em>(wzg\u00f3rze).<\/p>\n<p>Urz\u0119dnicy ch\u0119tnie nadawali tak\u017ce nazwiska wywodz\u0105ce si\u0119 od nazw miast i miasteczek pruskich lub\u00a0 austriackich, b\u0105d\u017a kojarz\u0105ce si\u0119 z\u00a0 okre\u015blonym miejscem, np. <em>bach, feld, dorf, garten, heim<\/em> (strumyk, pole, wie\u015b, ogr\u00f3d, dom).<\/p>\n<p>Znaczna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 nazwisk \u017cydowskich posiada odniesienie do Starego Testamentu. Wspomniana ju\u017c ko\u0144c\u00f3wka <em>-berg <\/em>u\u017cywana by\u0142a w z\u0142\u0105czeniach wskazuj\u0105cych na G\u00f3r\u0119 Synaj, ko\u0144c\u00f3wka <em>-baum <\/em>we wskazuj\u0105cych na drzewo Jessego, <em>-man <\/em>\u2013 w odnosz\u0105cych si\u0119 do biblijnego Adama.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u017c do ko\u0144ca XVIII wieku znaczna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej zamieszkuj\u0105cej ziemie Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narod\u00f3w nie posiada\u0142a nazwisk, a u\u017cywane w odniesieniu do danej osoby czy rodziny przydomki lub dookre\u015blenia charakteryzowa\u0142a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":32020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak nadawano nazwiska ludno\u015bci \u017cydowskiej w zaborze pruskim i austriackim? 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