{"id":29220,"date":"2022-09-19T16:44:17","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T14:44:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=29220"},"modified":"2022-09-19T16:44:17","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T14:44:17","slug":"ss-sonderkommando-kulmhof-pierwszy-niemiecki-oboz-zaglady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/ss-sonderkommando-kulmhof-pierwszy-niemiecki-oboz-zaglady\/","title":{"rendered":"SS-Sonderkommando Kulmhof \u2013 pierwszy niemiecki ob\u00f3z zag\u0142ady"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ob\u00f3z zag\u0142ady Kulmhof, znajduj\u0105cy si\u0119 nad rzek\u0105 Ner, w polskiej wersji j\u0119zykowej Che\u0142mno nad Nerem, zacz\u0105\u0142 dzia\u0142a\u0107 jesieni\u0105 1941 r. w Warthegau (Kraj Warty). \u00a0Ob\u00f3z by\u0142 miejscem natychmiastowej \u015bmierci \u017byd\u00f3w z Kraju Warty oraz Rom\u00f3w i Sinti. Zgin\u0119\u0142a w nim tak\u017ce pewna grupa Polak\u00f3w. Wedle szacunk\u00f3w, w Kulmhof \u017cycie straci\u0142o od 150 do 250 tys. os\u00f3b.<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Wyb\u00f3r miejsca nie by\u0142 przypadkowy. Kulmhof za\u0142o\u017cono w tej cz\u0119\u015bci Warthegau, w kt\u00f3rej znajdowa\u0142o si\u0119 najwi\u0119cej gett, w tym po\u0142o\u017cone w odleg\u0142o\u015bci oko\u0142o 60 km getto w \u0141odzi. Decyduj\u0105ce znaczenie mia\u0142y tak\u017ce dogodne po\u0142\u0105czenia kolejowe, \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ce Kulmhof z Ko\u0142em, a te z kolei z \u0141odzi\u0105 i Poznaniem. Na potrzeby nowopowstaj\u0105cego obozu wykorzystano opustosza\u0142y neogotycki pa\u0142ac, klasycystyczny spichlerz oraz oko\u0142o 3 ha przyleg\u0142ego parku, a tak\u017ce ogrody. Budynki na pierwszy rzut oka nie wzbudza\u0142y podejrze\u0144 skierowanych w to miejsce ofiar.<\/p>\n

Komendantem obozu by\u0142 m.in. \u00a0Herbert Lange<\/a>\u00a0(1940 \u2013 marzec 1942). Pracowa\u0142o w nim stale oko\u0142o 120\u2013130\u00a0SS<\/a>-man\u00f3w.\u00a0To w\u0142a\u015bnie Lange zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142 metod\u0119 u\u015bmiercania polegaj\u0105c\u0105 na u\u017cywaniu dwutlenku w\u0119gla, kt\u00f3ry wydziela\u0142 si\u0119 ze spalin samochod\u00f3w ci\u0119\u017carowych w tzw. mobilnych komorach gazowych. Zanim Lange trafi\u0142 do obozu, uprzednio testowa\u0142 ten spos\u00f3b zabijania podczas akcji T-4. Pocz\u0105tkowo do zbrodniczych cel\u00f3w przerabiano ci\u0119\u017car\u00f3wki wyprodukowane przez firmy Dogde, Mercedes i Saurer, a p\u00f3\u017aniej odpowiednio przygotowane samochody dostarczy\u0142a niemiecka firma z Berlina Gaubschat Fahrzeugwerke GmbH.<\/p>\n

Przyby\u0142ym do Che\u0142mna o\u015bwiadczano, i\u017c zostan\u0105 skierowani do oboz\u00f3w pracy. Nast\u0119pnie, rozebranych do rzekomej k\u0105pieli\u00a0 kierowano do hermetycznie zamykanych samochod\u00f3w, do wn\u0119trza kt\u00f3rych odprowadzano spaliny. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 wi\u0119\u017ani\u00f3w by\u0142a rozstrzeliwana. Cia\u0142a u\u015bmierconych ludzi przewo\u017cono do pobliskiego Lasu Rzuchowskiego, gdzie grzebano je w masowych grobach. Latem 1942 r. jamy grobowe Niemcy odkopali i zacz\u0119li pali\u0107 zw\u0142oki, zacieraj\u0105c \u015blady swoich zbrodni. Do tego celu w tym czasie zbudowano \u00a0krematoria, by m\u00f3c efektywniej r\u00f3wnie\u017c spala\u0107 cia\u0142a ofiar z kolejnych transport\u00f3w. Jednak wiosn\u0105 1943 r. ob\u00f3z zamkni\u0119to i wysadzono zabudowania (m.in. dawny pa\u0142ac i krematoria).<\/p>\n

Kulmhof pozosta\u0142 nieczynny do czerwca 1944 r. Masowe mordy ruszy\u0142y ponownie, gdy pojawi\u0142y si\u0119 transporty z \u0141odzi. Akcj\u0119 eksterminacyjn\u0105 wznowiono, by zd\u0105\u017cy\u0107 przed przybyciem\u00a0Armii Czerwonej. Ostatecznie ob\u00f3z przesta\u0142 istnie\u0107 17 stycznia 1945 r., w przeddzie\u0144 wkroczenia wojsk sowieckich.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ob\u00f3z zag\u0142ady Kulmhof, znajduj\u0105cy si\u0119 nad rzek\u0105 Ner, w polskiej wersji j\u0119zykowej Che\u0142mno nad Nerem, zacz\u0105\u0142 dzia\u0142a\u0107 jesieni\u0105 1941 r. w Warthegau (Kraj Warty). \u00a0Ob\u00f3z by\u0142 miejscem natychmiastowej \u015bmierci \u017byd\u00f3w…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":29221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"\nSS-Sonderkommando Kulmhof \u2013 pierwszy niemiecki ob\u00f3z zag\u0142ady - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/ss-sonderkommando-kulmhof-pierwszy-niemiecki-oboz-zaglady\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SS-Sonderkommando Kulmhof \u2013 pierwszy niemiecki ob\u00f3z zag\u0142ady - 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