{"id":21687,"date":"2022-06-22T10:57:28","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T08:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/?p=21687"},"modified":"2022-06-22T10:57:28","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T08:57:28","slug":"virtuti-militari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/virtuti-militari\/","title":{"rendered":"Virtuti Militari"},"content":{"rendered":"
230 lat temu, 22 czerwca 1792 r. kr\u00f3l Polski Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski ustanowi\u0142 najwa\u017cniejsze polskie odznaczenie wojenne \u2013 order Virtuti Militari. Podj\u0105\u0142 tak\u0105 decyzj\u0119, aby uczci\u0107 zwyci\u0119stwo wojsk polskich nad Rosjanami w bitwie pod Ziele\u0144cami.<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Uchwalenie w Polsce Konstytucji 3 Maja 1791 r. spotka\u0142o si\u0119 z oporem cz\u0119\u015bci magnaterii, kt\u00f3ra szybko znalaz\u0142a poparcie w Rosji, rz\u0105dzonej w\u00f3wczas przez caryc\u0119 Katarzyn\u0119 II. Ta podj\u0119\u0142a decyzj\u0119 o interwencji zbrojnej na ziemie polskie, nie chc\u0105c dopu\u015bci\u0107 do wdro\u017cenia reform ustrojowych wzmacniaj\u0105cych polskie pa\u0144stwo.<\/p>\n

W maju 1792 r. w granice Rzeczypospolitej wkroczy\u0142a armia carska, rozpoczynaj\u0105c\u00a0 wojn\u0119 polsko-rosyjsk\u0105 w obronie Konstytucji 3 Maja. Naczelne dow\u00f3dztwo nad armi\u0105 polsk\u0105 sprawowa\u0142 bratanek kr\u00f3la, ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119 J\u00f3zef Poniatowski. To w\u0142a\u015bnie jemu i jego stryjowi przypisuje si\u0119 pomys\u0142 powstania tego odznaczenia. Okazja do jego ustanowienia nadesz\u0142a niebawem, poniewa\u017c 18 czerwca 1792 r. wojsko polskie, pomimo sporych strat w\u0142asnych, pobi\u0142o armi\u0119 rosyjsk\u0105 pod Ziele\u0144cami. Po bitwie J\u00f3zef Poniatowski przes\u0142a\u0142 kr\u00f3lowi wykaz os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re wyr\u00f3\u017cni\u0142y si\u0119 w boju. Cztery dni p\u00f3\u017aniej kr\u00f3l przes\u0142a\u0142\u00a020 z\u0142otych (dla oficer\u00f3w) i 40 srebrnych (pozosta\u0142ych) nowych odznacze\u0144. Mia\u0142y one kszta\u0142t owalny, na rewersie umieszczono napis Virtuti Militari (Cnocie Wojskowej), a na awersie napis SAR (Stanislaus Augustus Rex).<\/p>\n

Pierwsze wr\u0119czenie odznacze\u0144 mia\u0142o miejsce w polskim obozie wojskowym w Ostrogu na Wo\u0142yniu 25 czerwca 1792 r. W\u015br\u00f3d dekorowanych m.in. znale\u017ali si\u0119 ks. J\u00f3zef Poniatowski, genera\u0142owie Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko i Micha\u0142 Wielhorski. Wkr\u00f3tce ustanowiono statut orderu, wprowadzaj\u0105c jego podzia\u0142 na pi\u0119\u0107 klas i nadaj\u0105c mu kszta\u0142t krzy\u017ca. Niestety, Virtuti Militari\u00a0 w trakcie upadku pa\u0144stwa polskiego by\u0142o znoszone. W czasie zryw\u00f3w wolno\u015bciowych XIX wieku\u00a0 przywracano go jednak \u00a0i przyznawano za m\u0119stwo w walce.<\/p>\n

Po odzyskaniu przez Polsk\u0119 niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci w 1918 r. order zosta\u0142 restytuowany 1 sierpnia 1919 r., utrzymuj\u0105c kszta\u0142t krzy\u017ca. Powr\u00f3cono te\u017c do koncepcji pi\u0119ciu klas. W okresie II Rzeczypospolitej wr\u0119czano go r\u00f3wnie\u017c miastom, np. Lwowowi w 1920 r., a w 1939 r. Warszawie. \u00a0Najm\u0142odszym udekorowanym \u00a0Virtuti Militari by\u0142 13-letni Antoni Pietrykiewicz, kt\u00f3ry broni\u0142 \u00a0Lwowa przed Ukrai\u0144cami w 1918 r. Ten honor spotka\u0142 go ju\u017c po \u015bmierci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

230 lat temu, 22 czerwca 1792 r. kr\u00f3l Polski Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski ustanowi\u0142 najwa\u017cniejsze polskie odznaczenie wojenne \u2013 order Virtuti Militari. Podj\u0105\u0142 tak\u0105 decyzj\u0119, aby uczci\u0107 zwyci\u0119stwo wojsk polskich nad…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":21688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"\nVirtuti Militari - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dignitynews.eu\/pl\/virtuti-militari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Virtuti Militari - Godno\u015b\u0107 - DignityNews.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"230 lat temu, 22 czerwca 1792 r. kr\u00f3l Polski Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski ustanowi\u0142 najwa\u017cniejsze polskie odznaczenie wojenne \u2013 order Virtuti Militari. 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